The Hellenic Court of Audit is the longest-standing institution of the Greek State, having operated continuously since its establishment.

Its origins date back to 1829, when, under the government of Ioannis Kapodistrias, the Third Resolution of 26 July of the Fourth National Assembly of Argos established the "Accounting and Audit Council", an independent body responsible for auditing and reviewing the accounts of the Ministries, with the aim of preventing misappropriation and abuse in payments made by Ministers.

The organisation of this newly established auditing institution was entrusted to Arthemond Regny, who also served as the first President of the "Court of Auditors", established by the Royal Decree of 27 September/9 October 1833 "Court of Audit", as the successor to the "Accounting and Audit Council". This decree explicitly established the Court’s authority to hold public accounting officers liable and to ex-post audit "all State accounting". To guarantee the proper functioning of the Court of Audit, provisions were enacted ensuring its independence from the Cabinet and the immediate enforceability of its decisions, which could be challenged only by appeal before the Council of State.

The institution of the Hellenic Court of Audit was subsequently strengthened through the establishment of life-long tenure for its members (Article 87 of the Constitution of 1844), the granting of authority  to regulate civil and military pensions (Law MΓ of 13 March 1864) and, later, following the assignment of the relevant competence to the Ministry of Finance (Law 599/1968),  to  adjudicate  legal remedies against such regulatory acts,  as well as the  introduction of ex-ante  expenditure audit (Law AYOZ of 1887). Significant milestones in the evolution of the Court of Audit were the Constitutions of 1911 and 1952, which included specific provisions guaranteeing the life-long tenure of its members and elevating it to the status of a Supreme Court, with the introduction of the legal remedy of further appeal on the grounds of law (Law Decree 2712/1953). 

The current Constitution of 1975 (Article 98) constitutionally enshrined the powers of the Hellenic Court of Audit, which include, among others, the audit of the expenditure of the State, local authorities, and public law entities; the preparation of a report to Parliament on the State's accounts and balance sheet; the issuance of opinions on pension bills, the ex post audit  of public accounting officers; and the adjudication of pension disputes and the civil liability of civil servants. In 1980-1981, the legislation governing the Court was systematically classified and codified through Presidential Decrees 774/1980 and 1225/1981.

The role of the Hellenic Court of Audit as the Supreme Financial Court was strengthened by the constitutional amendment of 2001, which constitutionally enshrined its competence to exercise pre-contractual legality audit over public contracts of high economic value.

Finally, recent Laws 4700/2020 and 4820/2021 further modernised its operation by clarifying its powers, specifying the audits it conducts, and consolidating and enhancing the procedural and substantive framework governing it, in line with its own case law as well as that of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights.

Throughout its long history, the Hellenic Court of Audit has established itself in the Greek legal system as the Supreme Financial Court, which, through its jurisdictional, audit and advisory powers, is an integral pillar of the modern rule of law.